Iran’s decades-long theocratic regime appears to be standing at a historic crossroads. The death of Mahsa Amini sparked a wave of protests that, combined with a crumbling economy, international sanctions, and growing dissent among the youth, has created an environment ripe for change.

If a regime change were to occur in Iran, the critical question arises: Who could take the reins of leadership? Three names are currently under the spotlight internationally: Reza Pahlavi, Maryam Rajavi, and Roya (Roshanak) Zand. In addition to these individuals, there are other possibilities worth exploring.

Reza Pahlavi — The Former Crown Prince, A Transitional Leader?

Reza Pahlavi, the son of Iran’s last monarch Mohammad Reza Shah, is a prominent figure among the Iranian diaspora. Living in exile, he positions himself not as a ruler, but as a “bridge to democracy.” His message is clear:

> “Iranians will decide the future of Iran. I am only a messenger and representative of their will.”

Pahlavi’s popularity, particularly among the youth, is steadily growing. His supporters argue that he:

Symbolizes Iran’s lost national identity and sovereignty.

Has a moderate voice that appeals to both secular and traditional audiences.

Could serve as a transitional figure to help establish a democratic order.

Critics, however, point to the painful memories of the Shah’s regime and argue that many Iranians would reject any return to monarchy—even in symbolic form.

Maryam Rajavi — The President of NCRI and Voice of Resistance

Maryam Rajavi leads the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), which presents itself as a government-in-waiting for a free Iran. Her organization:

Is connected to the Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK or PMOI), which has a controversial past.

Has introduced a 10-point plan that includes democratic elections, women’s rights, religious freedom, and adherence to international law.


While her supporters admire the NCRI’s well-organized structure and clear vision, many Iranians remain skeptical due to MEK’s history of armed struggle and past alliances with Saddam Hussein’s Iraq.

Roshanak (Roya) Zand — The Emerging Feminist Voice

Roshanak (Roya) Zand is an emerging activist and political commentator gaining traction on Western media platforms. Though not yet affiliated with any formal organization, she has become a strong voice for:

Women’s rights, civil liberties, and social justice.

The movement driven by the slogan: “Woman, Life, Freedom.”


Her influence is more ideological and symbolic at this stage, particularly among younger Iranians and exiled feminist circles. Whether she can transition into a leadership role remains to be seen.

Other Possibilities — Will the IRGC Take Over?

In the event of sudden regime collapse or leadership vacuum, there is a real possibility that:

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) or other security institutions may seize power.

A military-led transitional government could emerge under the guise of restoring order.

An interim national council of technocrats, activists, and former officials may form under international supervision.


This kind of scenario, however, risks replicating authoritarianism under a new face.

Conclusion: The Future Remains Uncertain

Iran’s future appears fragmented and uncertain. While figures like Reza Pahlavi, Maryam Rajavi, and Roshanak Zand offer competing visions of leadership, no single candidate currently enjoys universal support within Iran or abroad. A peaceful, democratic transition would likely require:

Broad consensus among opposition groups.

Support from international powers.

Internal support from civil society and possibly defectors from the regime itself.


One thing is certain: the Iranian people have awakened. They demand dignity, freedom, and a government that reflects their hopes—not their fears. The question is no longer if change will come — but rather, when, and through whom?




Who do you think could lead a new Iran? Reza Pahlavi, Maryam Rajavi, a new face, or a collective council? Share your thoughts.